Independent resource — not affiliated with any U.S. government agency. Learn more

How to Report Discrimination: EEOC Filing Guide for All Protected Classes

Last reviewed: June 1, 2026  ·  Written by James Carter, Consumer Rights Researcher  ·  Independent resource — not a government site

Quick answer

Report discrimination to the EEOC at eeoc.gov or call 1-800-669-4000. You have 180 days (300 in most states) to file. Covers race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and genetic information.

🔄
Last verified: June 14, 2026 All contact numbers, websites, and procedures confirmed current.

Quick answer: Report discrimination to the EEOC at eeoc.gov or call 1-800-669-4000. You must file within 180 days of the discriminatory act (300 days in most states). The EEOC handles complaints based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age (40+), disability, and genetic information.

The EEOC receives over 67,000 discrimination charges every year. Discrimination based on protected characteristics is illegal under federal law in employment, housing, education, and public accommodations. This guide covers how to file complaints with the EEOC, HUD, OCR, and state agencies.

Types of Discrimination You Can Report

Federal law protects against discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity), national origin, age (40 and older), disability, and genetic information. Discrimination includes hiring/firing decisions, harassment, unequal pay, retaliation, and denial of reasonable accommodations.

📄 Download Free Discrimination Checklist

Get our step-by-step checklist as a quick reference guide

Get Your Free Checklist →
Where to Report Discrimination

Type of DiscriminationAgencyContact
Employment discriminationEEOCeeoc.gov | 1-800-669-4000
Housing discriminationHUD Office of Fair Housinghud.gov | 1-800-669-9777
Education discriminationDept of Education OCRed.gov/ocr
Public accommodation discriminationDOJ Civil Rights Divisionjustice.gov/crt
Federal employee discriminationEEOC Federal Sectoreeoc.gov/federal-sector
State/local discriminationState civil rights agencyVaries by state

How to Report Discrimination Step by Step

  1. Document every incident in detail. Write down dates, times, locations, what was said or done, who was involved, and the names of any witnesses. Save emails, texts, voicemails, and any written evidence. A detailed timeline is your most powerful evidence.
  2. Report internally if required. Many employers and schools require you to report discrimination through internal channels first. File a written complaint with HR, your manager, or the Title IX coordinator. Keep copies outside your work/school account.
  3. Determine the correct agency. Employment discrimination goes to the EEOC. Housing discrimination goes to HUD. Education discrimination goes to the Office for Civil Rights. Public accommodation discrimination (restaurants, stores, etc.) goes to the DOJ.
  4. File with the EEOC if employment-related. Go to eeoc.gov or call 1-800-669-4000 to start an intake interview. You must file within 180 days of the discriminatory act (300 days in states with their own fair employment agencies). Filing is free.
  5. File with your state civil rights agency simultaneously. Most states have stronger protections than federal law. The EEOC will often dual-file with your state agency automatically — confirm this when you file.
  6. Cooperate with the investigation. Provide all requested documents, attend interviews, and respond to inquiries promptly. The EEOC or agency will interview you, the respondent, and any witnesses.
  7. Consider mediation if offered. Many agencies offer free mediation before investigation. This can resolve cases faster than formal investigations and litigation. However, mediation is voluntary and you can decline.
  8. Consult a civil rights attorney. If the EEOC issues a Right to Sue letter (meaning they won’t pursue your case), you have 90 days to file a lawsuit. Many civil rights attorneys work on contingency and offer free consultations.

EEOC Filing Deadlines by State

Federal deadline is 180 days from the discriminatory act. States with their own fair employment agencies extend this to 300 days. States with 300-day deadlines include California (DFEH), New York (DHR), Texas (TWC), Florida (FCHR), Illinois (IDHR), and Pennsylvania (PHRC). Do not wait — file as soon as possible.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is considered illegal discrimination?
Illegal discrimination is adverse treatment based on a protected characteristic (race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age 40+, disability, genetic information). This includes hiring/firing, harassment, unequal pay, retaliation, and denial of reasonable accommodations. General rudeness or favoritism not based on protected class is not illegal.
Can I file an EEOC charge anonymously?
No. To open a formal EEOC charge (required to sue in federal court), you must identify yourself. The EEOC will share your identity with your employer during the investigation. Anonymous tips may trigger investigations but cannot lead to individual remedies.
Do I have to report to HR before filing with the EEOC?
No — you can file directly with the EEOC without reporting internally first. However, using your employer’s internal complaint process may be required to recover certain damages later. Consult an attorney for your specific situation.
How long does an EEOC investigation take?
EEOC investigations typically take 10-18 months. The EEOC may attempt mediation first. If mediation fails or the EEOC finds no violation, you receive a Right to Sue letter allowing you to file a private lawsuit within 90 days.
What compensation can I receive for discrimination?
Remedies include back pay, front pay, reinstatement, promotion, compensatory damages (emotional distress), punitive damages, and attorney fees. Federal law caps combined compensatory and punitive damages at $50,000-$300,000 depending on employer size. State claims often have higher or no caps.

For related guides see: How to Report Workplace Harassment, How to Report Unfair Treatment at Work, and our Workplace Reporting Hub.

Was this guide helpful?

512 people found this helpful

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Scroll to Top